Test tissue micro arrays consisting of about 80 normal tissues and 40 cancers are used for this purpose. The large number of tissues often enables detection of high-level expression in rare cell types during protocol optimization itself. This facilitates distinction of non-specific from specific staining patterns. Multiple pretreatment conditions (temperature, pressure, enzymatic), visualization systems and antibody concentrations are utilized to achieve optimal background: signal ratio. Emphasis is placed on using minimal amounts of reagents.